Current manual methods of converting crystal structures into 3D printable files are time-consuming and tedious. There is a great need for comprehensive student-centred pedagogical models for the use of 3D printing in chemistry education.Three-dimensional (3D) printed crystal structures are useful for chemistry teaching and research. In chemistry education research, 3D printing has mainly been used for printing research instruments few studies have investigated its effect on learning or students' perceptions towards it. physical models) that support working with found challenges. 3D printing was used for producing solutions (e.g. Our research indicates that integrating 3D printing begins by analysing current challenges which are reasoned via pedagogical or technological content knowledge-based arguments. Theoretical framework was selected because integrating 3D printing in chemistry education requires knowledge of chemistry, technology, and most importantly, pedagogy. The data consists of 47 peer-reviewed articles which were analysed via qualitative content analysis using a technological pedagogical content knowledge framework. The objective is to offer research-based knowledge for developing chemistry education through following research questions: what kind of work has been done in the field of 3D printing in chemistry education what kind of design strategies have been implemented how 3D printing has been used in chemistry education research. The focus of this systematic literature analysis is to provide a comprehensive review of earlier research on the utilisation of 3D printers in chemistry education. The method brings 3D printing to a wider audience, thus helping to spread its use in chemical pedagogy, and may also be used in self-directed learning exercises by students themselves. The options for quickly and cheaply printing such structures in a range of materials using online and local stores, as well as in-house 3D printers, are explored and a simple protocol is described. The basic molecule structure may be created in-house or easily sourced online from databases such as UniProt or PubChem. Here we demonstrate a simple method to easily generate the files needed for the 3D printing of almost any molecule using the National Institutes of Health Print Exchange server (or simple alternatives). Not all educators or students have the resources or technical skill to create such files and so are put off trying to use 3D printing in the classroom. Creating the files needed to print molecular structures is often technically difficult and requires the use of multiple software programs, which are not always user-friendly. The recent development of 3D printing technology has allowed a much wider variety of molecules to be created for teaching but is not simple to do. Conventional chemistry modeling kits are, however, limited in the types and accuracy of the molecules, bonds and structures they can be used to build. Using tangible models to help students visualize chemical structures in three dimensions has been a mainstay of chemistry education for many years.
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